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Les tests génétiques naissent à une cadence extraordinaire et nombre d’entre eux sont déjà sur le marché. La participation active du secteur privé entraîne une croissance sans précédent des services commerciaux de tests génétiques et du commerce de ces services. Cette tendance va sans doute s’accentuer à mesure que les connaissances tirées de la cartographie du génome humain et des polymorphismes nucléotidiques simples (PNS) seront appliquées au recensement des gènes responsables de maladies ou de différences héréditaires dans les réactions aux traitements. Les répercussions socio-économiques et éthiques de ces avancées pourraient être spectaculaires. Cet ouvrage fait le point sur les progrès réalisés en matière de tests génétiques et sur les principaux domaines de préoccupation des pouvoirs publics à l’échelle internationale. Il s'appuie sur le séminaire de l'OCDE intitulé « Tests génétiques : Les enjeux du nouveau millénaire », qui s’est tenu à Vienne du 23 au 25 février 2000.

Genetic screening --- Human chromosome abnormalities --- Dépistage génétique --- Congresses --- Diagnosis --- Congrès --- 17.023.33 --- 575.08:577.21 --- Genetica --- 02.02.g --- 06.04.d --- Biologische doeleinden. Bio-ethiek; bioethiek. Übermensch. Medische deontologie --- Genetic engineering, genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA --- Génétique --- Verzekeringsovereenkomst ; Mededelingsplicht --- Levensverzekering ; Extra risico --- 575.08:577.21 Genetic engineering, genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA --- 17.023.33 Biologische doeleinden. Bio-ethiek; bioethiek. Übermensch. Medische deontologie --- Dépistage génétique --- Congrès --- Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Science and Technology

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Animal behavior --- Evolution --- Animal populations --- Behavior evolution --- Comportement animal --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Dobzhansky, Theodosius Grigorievich, --- Dobzhansky, Theodosius, --- 575.82 --- -Animal populations --- -Behavior evolution --- -Evolution --- -Philosophy --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Behavioral evolution --- Evolutionary psychology --- Demography, Wildlife --- Populations, Animal --- Wildlife demography --- Wildlife populations --- Animal ecology --- Population biology --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Factors of evolution --- Behavior --- Dobzhansky, Theodosius Grigorievich --- Congresses. --- -Factors of evolution --- 575.82 Factors of evolution --- -575.82 Factors of evolution --- Congrès --- Dobzhanskiĭ, Feodosiĭ Grīgorʹevīch, --- Добжанский, Феодосий Грігорьевіч, --- Dobrjansky, Theodosius, --- Dobzhansky, Th. --- Dobzhansky, Feodosy Grigorevich, --- Dobrzhanskiĭ, Feodosiĭ Grigorʹevich, --- Добржанский, Феодосий Григорьевич, --- Dobrzhanskiĭ, F. G. --- Добржанский, Ф. Г. --- Dūbzhānskī, Tiʼūdūsiyūs, --- دوبژانسکى، تئودوسيوس --- Animal behavior - Congresses --- Evolution - Congresses --- Animal populations - Congresses --- Behavior evolution - Congresses --- Dobzhansky, Theodosius, - 1900-1975

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This occasional paper provides an overview of the economic reform experiences of the Central Asian states of the former Soviet Union since their independence at the turn of the decade. The choice of countries reflects not only a geographical grouping, but also similarities in the types of transition challenges faced by these countries notwithstanding considerable variations in their sizes, ethnic composition, resource endowments, and economic structures. The paper attempts to identify a number of key macroeconomic and structural areas where the slower reformers in the group might benefit from the experience of the faster reformes.

330.05 --- 338.958 --- 331.31 --- 331.33 --- CIS / Commonwealth Of Independant States - Gos - Cei --- KG / Kyrgyzstan - Kirghizistan --- KZ / Kazakhstan --- TJ / Tajikistan - Tadzjikistan - Tadjikistan --- TM / Turkmenistan --- UZ / Uzbekistan - Oezbekistan - Ouzbekistan --- 338.24 <574> --- 338.24 <575.1> --- 338.24 <575.2> --- 338.24 <575.3> --- 338.24 <575.4> --- 338.24 <575.1> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Uzbekistan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Uzbekistan --- 338.24 <575.4> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Turkmenistan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Turkmenistan --- 338.24 <575.3> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tadjikistan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tadjikistan --- 338.24 <575.2> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kirgizie --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kirgizie --- 338.24 <574> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kazakstan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kazakstan --- Economisch beleid --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Asia, Central --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Working papers --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Kyrgyzstan --- Uzbekistan --- Tajikistan --- Turkmenistan --- Kazakhstan --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- International economics --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- External debt --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- Exports --- Money --- Budget planning and preparation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- International trade --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Budget --- Kyrgyz Republic

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developpement economique --- kirghizistan --- situation economique --- 307.0 --- 330.540 --- 330.548 --- 330.580 --- 331.30 --- 331.31 --- 338.047 --- KG / Kyrgyzstan - Kirghizistan --- 338.24 <575.2> --- 338 <47 + 57> --- 338 <575.2> --- 338.24 <575.2> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kirgizie --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kirgizie --- 338 <575.2> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Kirgizie --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Kirgizie --- 338 <47 + 57> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- economische ontwikkeling --- economische toestand --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie --- Kyrgyzstan --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- International finance

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Social problems --- Biotechnology --- Biotechnologie --- Social aspects --- Aspect social --- -AA / International- internationaal --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 332.820 --- 351.2 --- 338.043 --- 338.6 --- 575.08:577.21 --- 66.098 --- 502.56 --- 631.153.7 --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Hygiëne. Veiligheid. Comfort. (algemeenheden). --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling. --- Genetic engineering, genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA --- Biological processes. Biotechnology --- Danger and damage other than pollution, from agriculture and industry --- Changes in cultivation and production. Conversion to other systems --- 631.153.7 Changes in cultivation and production. Conversion to other systems --- 502.56 Danger and damage other than pollution, from agriculture and industry --- 66.098 Biological processes. Biotechnology --- 575.08:577.21 Genetic engineering, genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA --- AA / International- internationaal --- Hygiëne. Veiligheid. Comfort. (algemeenheden) --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling